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- Network Working Group L. Morales
- Request for Comments: 1236 P. Hasse
- USAISEC
- June 1991
-
-
- IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo defines a standard way of converting IP addresses to CCITT
- X.121 addresses and is the recommended standard for use on the
- Internet, specifically for the Defense Data Network (DDN). This memo
- provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify
- an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- 1. Overview
-
- The Defense Communication Agency (DCA) has stated that "DDN specifies
- a standard for mapping Class A addresses to X.121 addresses."
- Additionally DCA has stated that Class B and C IP to X.121 address
- mapping "standards are the responsibility of the administration of
- the Class B or C network in question". Therefore, there is NO
- defined single standard way of converting Class B and Class C IP
- addresses to X.121 addresses.
-
- This is an important issue because currently there is no way for
- administrators to define IP to X.121 address mapping. Without a
- single standard, in a multi-vendor network environment, there is no
- assurance that devices using IP and DDN X.25 will communicate with
- each other.
-
- The IP to X.121 address mapping of Class B and Class C IP addresses
- shall be implemented as described below. This translation method is
- a direct expansion of the algorithm described in the "MIL-STD: X.25,
- DDN X.25 Host Interface Specification" [1]. The translation method
- described below is TOTALLY independent of IP subnetting and of any
- masking that may be used in support of IP subnetting.
-
- 2. Background
-
- All Internet hosts are assigned a four octet (32 bit) address
- composed of a network field and a local address field also known as
- the REST field [2] (see Figure 1 thru 3). Two basic forms of
- addresses are provided: (1) Physical addresses, correspond to the
- node number and DCE port number of the node to which the DTE is
- connected. (2) Logical addresses, are mapped transparently by DCE
- software into a corresponding physical network address.
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- To provide flexibility, Internet addresses are divided into 3 primary
- classes: Class A, Class B, and Class C. These classes allow for a
- large number of small and medium sized networks. The network
- addresses used within the Internet in Class A, B, and C networks are
- divided between Research, Defense, Government, (Non-Defense) and
- Commercial uses.
-
- As described in the MIL-STD: X25, an IP address consists of the
- ASCII text string representation of four decimal numbers separated by
- periods, corresponding to the four octets of a thirty-two bit
- Internet address. The four decimal numbers are referred to in this
- memo as network (n), host (h), logical address (l), and Interface
- Message Processor (IMP) or Packet Switch Node (PSN) (i). Thus, an
- Internet address maybe represented as "n.h.l.i" (Class A), "n.n.h.i"
- (Class B), or "n.n.n.hi" (Class C), depending on the Internet address
- class. Each of these four numbers will have either one, two, or
- three decimal digits and will never have a value greater than 255.
- For example, in the Class A IP address "26.9.0.122", n=26 h=9, l=0,
- and i=122.
-
- The different classes of Internet addresses [3] are illustrated
- below:
-
- Class A:
-
- The highest-order bit is set to 0.
- 7-bits define the network number.
- 24-bits define the local address.
- This allows up to 126 class A networks.
- Networks 0 and 127 are reserved.
-
-
- | n | h | l | i |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |0| NETWORK | Local Address |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- 7 Bits 24 Bits (REST Field)
-
- Figure 1
-
- Class B:
-
- The two highest-order bits are set to 1-0.
- 14-bits define the network number.
- 16-bits define the local address.
- This allows up to 16,384 class B networks.
-
-
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- | n | n | h | i |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |1 0| NETWORK | Local Address |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- 14 Bits 16 Bits (REST Field)
-
- Figure 2
-
- Class C:
-
- The three highest-order bits are set to 1-1-0.
- 21-bits define the network number.
- 8-bits define the local address.
- This allows up to 2,097,152 class C networks
-
-
- | n | n | n | h | i |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |1 1 0| NETWORK | Local Address |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- 21 Bits 8 Bits (REST Field)
-
- Figure 3
-
- The fourth type of address, class D, is used as a multicast address.
- The four highest-order bits are set to 1-1-1-0. Note: No addresses
- are allowed with the four highest-order bits set to 1-1-1-1. These
- addresses, called "class E", are reserved.
-
- The "MIL-STD: X.25" states "All DDN addresses are either twelve or
- fourteen BCD (binary-coded decimal) digits in length.". The last two
- digits are referred to as the Sub-Address and are not used on the
- DDN. The Sub-Address is carried across the network without
- modification. Its presence is optional. Therefore, a DTE may
- generate EITHER a twelve or fourteen BCD X.121 address, but must
- accept both twelve and fourteen BCD X.121 addresses.
-
- 3. Standard IP to X.121 Address Mapping
-
- This section describes the algorithm that should be used to convert
- IP addresses to X.121 addresses [1]. You will note that "h" is
- always listed as greater than or less than the number 64. This
- number is used to differentiate between PSN physical and logical host
- port addresses. Note that at the time of this writing, the DDN does
- not make use of the PSN's logical addressing feature, which allows
- hosts to be addressed independently of their physical point of
- attachment to the network.
-
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- 3.1 Derivation of DDN X.25 Addresses
-
- To convert a Class A IP address to a DDN X.25 address:
-
- 3.1.1 If the host field (h) is less than 64 (h < 64),
- the address corresponds to the following DDN X.25
- physical address:
-
- ZZZZ F III HH ZZ (SS)
-
- where:
-
- ZZZZ = 0000
-
- F = 0 because the address is a physical address;
-
- III is a three decimal digit representation of "i",
- right-adjusted and padded with leading zeros if required;
-
- HH is a two decimal digit representation of h", right-adjusted
- and padded with leading zeros if required;
-
- ZZ = 00 is optional.
-
- (SS) is an optional Sub-Address field which is ignored in the DDN.
- This field is either left out or filled with zeros.
-
- The address 26.9.0.122 corresponds to the DDN X.25 physical address
- 000001220900.
-
- 3.1.2. If the host field (h) is greater than or equal to
- 64 (h >= 64), the address corresponds to the following
- DDN X.25 physical address:
-
- ZZZZ F RRRRR ZZ (SS)
-
- where:
-
- ZZZZ = 0000
-
- F = 1 because the address is a logical address;
-
- RRRRR is a five decimal digit representation of the result "r" of
- the calculation
-
- r = h * 256 + i
-
- (note that the decimal representation of "r" will always require five
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- digits)
-
- ZZ = 00
-
- and
-
- (SS) is optional.
-
- The address 26.83.0.207 corresponds to the DDN X.25 logical address
- 000012145500.
-
- 3.2. For Class B IP addresses the "h" and "i" fields will ALWAYS
- consist of 8 bits each taken from the REST field of the Internet
- address. The mapping follows the same rules as in 3.1.
-
- 3.3. For Class C IP addresses the "h" and "i" fields will ALWAYS
- consist of 4 bits each taken from the REST field of the Internet
- address. The mapping follows the same rules as in 3.1.
-
- 4. Examples
-
- The following are examples of IP to X.121 address mappings for Class
- A, Class B, and Class C IP addresses.
-
- 4.1 Class A
-
- The mapping of X.121 address for Class A networks:
-
- for h < 64
-
- example: 26.29.0.122 format: n.h.l.i
-
- ZZZZ F III HH ZZ (SS)
- X.121 address = 0000 0 122 29 00 00
-
- for h > or = 64
-
- example: 26.80.0.122 format: n.h.l.i
-
- ZZZZ F RRRRR ZZ (SS)
- X.121 address = 0000 1 20602 00 00
-
- where R = H * 256 + I
-
- 4.2 Class B
-
- The mapping of X.121 address for Class B networks:
-
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- for h < 64
-
- example: 137.80.1.5 format: n.n.h.i
-
- ZZZZ F III HH ZZ (SS)
- X.121 address = 0000 0 005 01 00 00
-
- for h > or = 64
-
- example: 137.80.75.2 format: n.n.h.i
-
- ZZZZ 1 RRRRR ZZ (SS)
- X.121 address = 0000 1 19202 00 00
-
- where R = H * 256 + I
-
- 4.3 Class C
-
- The mapping of X.121 address for Class C networks:
-
- for h < 64
-
- example: 192.33.50.19 format: n.n.n.hi
-
- H I
- n.n.n.0001 0011
- 1 3
-
- Subnet 1
- Subhost 3
-
- ZZZZ F III HH ZZ (SS)
- X.121 address = 0000 0 003 01 00 00
-
- NOTE: The mapping of X.121 address for Class C networks for h > 64
- is not applicable since the "h" field can never exceed 15.
-
- 5. References
-
- [1] MIL-STD: X.25 "Defense Data Network X.25 Host Interface
- Specification", Defence Communications Agency, BBN Communications
- Corporation, 1983 December, Volume 1 of the "DDN Protocol
- Handbook" (NIC 50004). Also available online at the DDN NIC as
- NETINFO:X.25.DOC.
-
- [2] MIL-STD: 1777 "Internet Protocol", 1983 August, Volume 1 of the
- "DDN Protocol Handbook" (NIC 50004).
-
-
-
-
- Morales & Hasse [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1236 IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN June 1991
-
-
- [3] Kirkpatrick, S., M. Stahl, and M. Recker, "Internet Numbers", RFC
- 1166, DDN NIC, July 1990.
-
- (Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military
- specifications, standards, and handbooks are available from the
- Naval Publications and Forms Center, (ATTN: NPODS), 5801 Tabor
- Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099.)
-
-
- 6. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- 7. Authors' Addresses
-
- Luis F. Morales, Jr.
- USAISEC
- ASQB-SEP-C
- Ft. Huachuca, AZ 85613-5300
-
- Phone: (602) 533-2873
-
- EMail: lmorales@huachuca-emh8.army.mil
-
-
- Phillip R. Hasse
- USAISEC
- ASQB-SEP-C
- Ft. Huachuca, AZ 85613-5300
-
- Phone: (602) 533-2873
-
- EMail: phasse@huachuca-emh8.army.mil
-
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- Morales & Hasse [Page 7]
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